According to Erikson, what is the first stage of psychosocial development?

The first stage of psychosocial development according to Erikson is Trust vs. Mistrust. This stage occurs from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which the infant is dependent on caregivers for sustenance, comfort, and safety. If caregivers provide reliable care and affection, infants develop a sense of trust toward the world and their capacity to influence their own environment. This foundational stage sets the tone for future relationships and forms the basis for a child's sense of security.

Trust vs. Mistrust is critical because it influences how individuals perceive subsequent relationships and their ability to believe that their needs will be met throughout life. If infants experience inconsistent care or neglect, they may develop suspicion and fear, leading to a sense of mistrust that can affect their interactions and relationships as they grow.

The other stages listed, such as Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Intimacy vs. Isolation, and Generativity vs. Stagnation, come later in Erikson's model. Each subsequent stage builds upon the outcomes of the earlier stages, making Trust vs. Mistrust the foundational beginning in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.